From Wiki:
A
VRLA battery (
valve-regulated lead–acid battery) more commonly known as a
sealed battery is a
lead–acid rechargeable battery. Because of their construction, VRLA batteries do not require regular addition of water to the cells, and vent less gas than flooded lead-acid batteries.
[1] The reduced venting is an advantage since they can be used in confined or poorly ventilated spaces.
[2] But sealing cells and preventing access to the electrolyte also has several considerable disadvantages as discussed below.
VRLA batteries are commonly further classified as:
- Absorbed glass mat (AGM) battery
- Gel battery ("gel cell")
An
absorbed glass mat battery has the
electrolyte absorbed in a fiber-glass mat separator. A
gel cell has the electrolyte mixed with silica dust to form an immobilized gel.
While these batteries are often colloquially called
sealed lead–acid batteries, they always include a safety pressure relief valve. As opposed to
vented (also called
flooded) batteries, a VRLA cannot spill its electrolyte if it is inverted. Because AGM VRLA batteries use much less electrolyte (battery acid) than traditional lead–acid batteries, they are sometimes called an "acid-starved" design.
The name "valve regulated" does not wholly describe the technology. These are really "recombinant" batteries, which means that the
oxygen evolved at the positive plates will largely recombine with the
hydrogen ready to evolve on the negative plates, creating water and preventing water loss.
[1] The valve is a safety feature in case the rate of hydrogen evolution becomes dangerously high. In flooded cells, the gases escape before they can recombine, so water must be periodically added.
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AGM batteries differ from flooded lead acid batteries in that the electrolyte is held in the glass mats, as opposed to freely flooding the plates. Very thin
glass fibers are woven into a mat to increase surface area enough to hold sufficient electrolyte on the cells for their lifetime. The fibers that compose the fine glass mat do not absorb nor are affected by the acidic electrolyte. These mats are wrung out 2–5% after being soaked in acids, prior to manufacture completion and sealing.
The plates in an AGM battery may be any shape. Some are flat, others are bent or rolled. AGM batteries, both deep cycle and starting, are built in a rectangular case to
BCI battery code specifications.
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A
gel battery (also known as a "gel cell") is a VRLA battery with a
gelified electrolyte; the
sulfuric acid is mixed with
silica fume, which makes the resulting mass gel-like and immobile. Unlike a flooded wet-cell lead-acid battery, these batteries do not need to be kept upright. Gel batteries reduce the electrolyte evaporation, spillage (and subsequent
corrosion issues) common to the wet-cell battery, and boast
greater resistance to extreme temperatures,[
citation needed] shock, and
vibration. Chemically they are almost the same as wet (non-sealed) batteries except that the
antimony in the lead plates is replaced by
calcium, and gas recombination can take place.